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The formation of USL D3 was first announced in April 2017, and league officials began touring the country looking for candidate cities for new soccer clubs. USL D3 vice president Steven Short visited Greenville in July 2017, and told local reporters at the time that Greenville was one of the league's top candidates. In January 2018, the league began announcing teams that would play in their 2019 inaugural season. The formation of a USL D3 club in Greenville was officially announced on March 13, 2018, with local entrepreneur Joe Erwin named as the principal owner. The Greenville team was the third team to join the league after Tormenta FC and FC Tucson, two clubs which already existed and played in the Premier Development League. The team qualified for the playoffs in their first year of existence.

The team's name, Greenville Triumph SC, as well as its logo and colors were announced on August 9, 2018. On August 27, the team announced that the team would be coached by former U.S. national team player John Harkes, who had previously served as head coach of USL club FC Cincinnati for the 2016 season. Harkes was signed on a three-year contract.

On June 8, 2021, GTSC announced they will be fielding a women's side to compete in the new USL W League beginning in 2022.

On January 28, 2022, GTSC officials announced that after a two year search for a new stadium location, they had settled on a six-acre site in Mauldin, South Carolina at Bridgeway Station. The proposed stadium would consist of 8,100 seats and be used as a multi-sport venue as well. If the stadium is approved by county officials, the project is expected to be completed by the opening of the 2023 season.